当mysql跨越互联网进行复制时别人可以窃取到mysql的复制信息,这些信息是明文的,因此存在不安全性,这里通过ssl对复制的信息进行加密。当在客户没有固定ip而要访问服务器时,mysql要允许任意地址的访问,服务端和客户端通过证书验证可以防止暴力破解。
开始之前让我们先来回顾一下SSL协议客户端OpenSSL的安装过程:
安装openssl
mkdir /test/setup cd /test/setup tar zxvf openssl-0.9.8b.tar.gz cd openssl-0.9.8b ./config make && make install
开启mysql中ssl功能
登录Mysql查看
mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | | ssl_ca | | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | | +---------------+----------+
如果mysql输出如上所述,那么继续操作开启ssl;如果不是,重新编译安装mysql,注意生成makefile时填写参数正确。
退出mysql,编辑/etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]和[mysqldump]之间,加入下列配置信息:
ssl
保存后重新启动mysql,再次登录mysql
mysql -uroot -p mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | | +---------------+-------+
好了,下面进入正题:
mysql基于ssl复制
1、创建证书中心
在主服务器上创建证书中心
cd /etc/pki/CA
生成私钥
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 2048)
生成自签证书,由于需要输入大量用户信息,因此编辑证书的配置文件,在私有的CA上创建证书要注意所有的用户信息要和CA中的一致,从国家到部门都要相同,否则会造成证书无法使用
vim /etc/pki/tls/openssh.cnf
[ req_distinguished_name ] countryName = Country Name (2 letter code) countryName_default = CN countryName_min = 2 countryName_max = 2 stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) stateOrpovinceName_default = FJ localityName = Locality Name (eg,city) localityName = FZ O.organizationName = Organization Name (eg,company) O.organizationName_default = zdz organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg,section) organizationalUnitName_default = zdz
生成自签证书
openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650
-x509是创建自签证书是需要的参数,在创建其他证书时不能加该参数
由于是自签证书因此要修改证书路径
vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
[ CA_defalut ] dir = /etc/pki/CA certs = $dir/certs #存放生成证书的目录 crl_dir = $dir/crl #存放吊销证书的目录 database = $dir/index.txt #证书的索引文件 new_certs_dir = $dir_newcerts #新签的证书目录 serial = $dir/serial #序列号 crl = $dir/crl.pem private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem #证书中心私钥文件
创建证书编号
mkdir certs crl newcerts touch index.txt echo 00 > serial
2、为主服务器创建证书
服务器的名称必须固定,在申请证书时要输入服务器名称,证书和服务器名称对应
创建私钥
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/ssl cd /usr/local/mysql/ssl (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key 2048)
生成证书申请
openssl req -new -key master.key -out master.csr
在证书服务器上对master的证书进行签发
openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 365
3、创建从服务器证书
(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key 2048) openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr
将从服务器的证书申请文件复制到证书服务器上进行签发
opessl ca -in slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 356
4、修改证书权限和mysql配置文件
将证书的公钥cacert.pem复制到主从服务器的目录下
cd /usr/local/mysql/ssl cp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem ./ chown -R mysql:mysql master.crt master.key cacert.pem chmod 600 master.crt master.key cacert.pem vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf ssl ssl_ca = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacrt.pem ssl_cert = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt ssl_key = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key
修改从服务器配置
cd /usr/local/mysql/ssl cp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem ./ chown -R mysql:mysql slave.crt slave.key cacert.pem chmod 600 slave.crt slave.key cacert.pem vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf ssl ssl_ca = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacrt.pem ssl_cert = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt ssl_key = /usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key
5、在主服务器上创建复制用户
grant replication slave on *.* to slave@'192.168.216.133' identified by 'slave' requere ssl; flush privileges;
查看主服务器当前二进制位置
mysql> show master status ;
+-------------------------+------------+---------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------------+------------+---------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000007 | 1015 | | | | +-------------------------+------------+---------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6、在从服务器上开始复制
change master to master_host='192.168.216.132', master_user='slave', master_password='slave', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007', master_log_pos=1015, master_ssl=1, master_ssl_ca=' /usr/local/mysql/ssl/cacrt.pem', master_ssl_cert='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt', master_ssl_key='/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key'; start slave;
查看状态
错误1:
如果要确保证书没有问题可以通过建立测试的用户同ssl进行连接在主服务器上开一个权限很大的用户,进行ssl的登录测试
grant all privileges on *.* to root@'192.168.216.133′ identified by ‘root' require ssl; [root@slave ssl]# mysql -uroot -proot -h192.168.216.133 –ssl-ca=cacrt.pem –ssl-cert=slave.crt –ssl-key=slave.key
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: ASN: before date in the future
这是由于虚拟的时间不正确导致
如果这时候不使用ssl方式进行连接则会报出错误
[root@slave ssl]# mysql -uroot -proot -h192.168.216.133;
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root'@'192.168.216.132′ (using password: YES)
错误2:
在配置文件中添加证书配置后执行 show variables like ‘%ssl%'显示
这是由于没有将证书的属主改为mysql,可以从日志中得知是无权限获取私钥
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