python 网络编程详解
网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix,各个平台(如windows、Linux等)、各门语言(C、C++、Python、Java等)所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来,懂得了Unix的socket网络编程,其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理,网络编程也就知道了,不同之处就在于每个平台,每个语言都有自己专享的语法,我们直接灵活套用就行了。
下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子,即依托于客户端-服务器的架构,实现客户端与服务器之间的单向“数据流通”。我们分别用两个方法来实现,一个方法是最原始的socket编程,另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现,目的是减少实现透明性,便于快速开发。
要求:客户端输入数据,发送到服务端,服务器端生成(时间戳+数据)的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种:面向连接的和无连接的,这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以,我们两种方法都进行实现。
一、Python socket编程
面向连接的TCP socket编程:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 from socket import * from time import ctime # Address and Port HOST = '' PORT = 21567 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BuffSize BUFSIZ = 1024 # build socket tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) # bind socket tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR) # listen 5 client tcpSerSock.listen(5) try: while True: print 'waiting for connection...' # build client socket tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept() print '...connect from:', addr # accept data and process while True: data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data)) # close client socket tcpCliSock.close() except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt: tcpSerSock.close()
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from socket import * # Address and Port HOST = '127.0.0.1' PORT = 21567 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BufferSize BUFSIZ = 1024 #build socket tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR) while True: data = raw_input('> ') if not data: break # send data tcpCliSocket.send(data) # recv data data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break # show data print data tcpCliSocket.close()
无连接的UDP socket编程
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from socket import * from time import ctime # Address and Port HOST = '' PORT = 8000 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BufferSize BUFFSIZE = 1024 # build socket udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) # bind socket udpSerSock.bind(ADDR) try: while True: print 'waiting the message...' data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE) print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr) except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt: udpSerSock.close()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from socket import * # Address and Port HOST = 'localhost' PORT = 8000 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BufferSize BUFSIZ = 1024 # build socket udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) while True: data = raw_input('> ') udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR) data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ) if not data: break print data udpCliSock.close()
二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH from time import ctime # Address and Port HOST = '' PORT = 21567 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BuffSize BUFSIZ = 1024 # build RequestHandler class MyRequestHandler(SRH): def handle(self): print '...connected from: ', self.client_address self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline())) # build TCPServer TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler) print 'waiting for connection...' # loop to process TCPServ.serve_forever()
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from socket import * # Address and Port HOST = '127.0.0.1' PORT = 21567 ADDR = (HOST, PORT) # BufferSize BUFSIZ = 1024 while True: # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接, # 得到请求,然后就关闭连接,所以需要多次连接 tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR) # process data data = raw_input('> ') if not data: break tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data) data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break print data.strip() tcpCliSock.close()
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